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  <title>Estimation of Soil Nitrate (NO3) Level Using Laser-Induced&#13;
Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)</title>
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  <namePart>A R Angkat</namePart>
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  <namePart>K B Seminar</namePart>
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  <namePart>M Rahmat</namePart>
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  <namePart>A Sutandi</namePart>
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   <dateIssued>2017</dateIssued>
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 <note>Abstract. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a method for measuring level of&#13;
nitrogen (N) in the soil in the form of N-nitrate (NO3) rapidly without going through the process&#13;
of sieving and drying. The sample soil in the form of pellets subjected to laser pulses using a&#13;
wavelength of 532 nm, pulse duration 5.5 ns, repetition rate of 10 Hz, and Q-switch delay of 150&#13;
μs. Emissions are captured by the spectrometer with the wavelength range of 190-1130 nm.&#13;
Spectrum characterization was processed through the second derivative in order to obtain a&#13;
wavelength identity that could be rapidly used to estimate the nitrate content of the soil with a&#13;
determination coefficient of (R2&#13;
) 0.9254 and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 8.41%. The results&#13;
of this study are very potential to be applied for rapid measurement of soil nitrate</note>
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